General Scope : Non-abelian anyons are a type of quasiparticle that can be generated in low dimensional (d<3), strongly interacting electronic system. The interest in such anyons lies in their new quantum statistic, neither bosonic nor fermionic, which make it possible to manipulate the ground state of an electronic system by exchanging the position of its particles. This controlled exchanpar Alexandre Assouline - Thèses hors de l'EDPIF