Context: The development of monochromatic microwave sources and terahertz detectors with high spectral resolution is driven by applications with international repercussions on space sub-millimeter radio astronomy instrumentation (MIRO- Rosetta, HIFI-Herschel, etc.), atmospheric sciences (ODIN, AMSU, ICI-METOP,...), and spectroscopy in the laboratory. During the last 15 years, LERMA associatedpar Jtreuttel - Thèses hors de l'EDPIF